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Oden and Portland's Team Defense

If Portland is going to contend for NBA championships some day, it will need to improve its team defense. Although the season is going quite well so far (in my opinion), Porltand is only 20th in the leage in defensive efficiency. It is highly unlikely that the Blazers can win a NBA championship playing that level of defense. Fortunately, there are some very encouraging signs that Oden, even early in his rookie season, is having a positive effect on Portland's team defense. I have commented on this before, but thought I would provdie a little visual evidence to support that claim.

The majority of the discussion of Oden's effect on the team has focussed on the plus-minus statistic or comparison of statistics with Oden in the game and with Oden out of the game. Although there some valuable insights can be gained from looking at those kinds of statistics, they have a couple of drawbacks. One, it is possible that during Oden's minutes he has faced, on average, stronger players or played with weaker teammates. Since there are no readily available statistics to quantify the strength of his opponents or teammmates when he is on the floor, this is a significant problem. Two, having Oden in the line-up can affect how the team plays when he is out in the game as well as when he is on the bench. As is becoming increasingly obvious, Pryzbilla can play much more aggressively when he plays limited minutes because he does not have to worry as much about foul trouble and has more energey. In addition, when Oden plays, Frye is more likely to defend PFs rather than Cs, which is a big improvement.

For those reasons, I think a better way to assess the effect of Oden on Portland's defense is to compare Portland's defensive efficiency in games that Oden played to it's deffensive efficiency in games that he did not play.  Since "good" offensive teams will, by definition, score more than "bad" offensive teams, we want to know if teams Porltand has played better defense without or without Oden, "controlling" for the offensive strength of their opponent. If Portland's defensive effiency was better with Oden, but they played weaker teams when Oden played, we wouldn't know much. A rough measure of offensive strength is simply their average offensive efficiency in games this season. So, a simple way to see if Oden might have an effect on team defense is to plot opponent's offensive efficiency when they played Portland against their average offensive efficiency and compare the games that Oden has played to the games that Oden did not play:

N3322399_40721878_9232_medium

via photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net

This graph shows several things. One, as expected, teams that have better average offensive efficiencies tend to score more effieciently against Portland, on average. Two, the relationship between average scoring and scoring against Portland has roughly the same slope whether or not Oden plays. This is shown in the green and orange lines (the "Fitted" lines). The fitted lines show, in essence, Porltand's average defensive efficiency, given an opponent's offensive strength with and without Oden. Three, given an opponents offensive strength, Porltand has played, on average, signicantly better defense with Oden.... In particular, teams have scored between .1 and .13 fewer points per possession against Portland when Oden has played than when he was out with an injury. Though it is not shown in this graph, the effect is so large that passes standard tests of a statistical signficance (in a regression based t-test, the probability that the oden effect is zero is less than 5%).

Now, is this definitive, 100% ironclad evidence that having Oden in the line-up has caused Portland to play better defense. No. Certainly there are other deterimants of an opponents offensive efficiency than simply their average offensive strength. It's possible that, home court advantage, injuries, a "lucky streak" of good defense , or something else can explain this pattern. It is worth noting, however, that controlling for home court advantag actually increases the size of the "Oden effect" and controlling for opponent injuries does not eliminate eliminate it.

That being said, this is really just an early development that will be interesting to track the rest of the season.

Comment 21 comments  |  10 recs  | 

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We are too hard on Oden usually

I read this on Espn.com yesterday

http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/columns/story?columnist=thorpe_david&page=Rookies-081126

Here is what it said about Oden

"7. Greg Oden, Blazers
This slimmer version of Oden is starting to make an impact already. He’s third among all rookies in PER, and is the best defensive rebounder and second-best offensive rebounder of the class.

He is also craftier on offense than he gets credit for, using patience and some slight shoulder feints to create better angles for finishing. And he is a long way from figuring it out, which is scary to consider.

Remember how everyone was so impressed with how Al Horford started the season last year? Horford’s 8.7 points per game and 7.4 rebounds per game last November tagged him as the big man to watch in the coming years. Oden is at 8.3 ppg and 6.8 rpg, but is playing 12 minutes per game fewer than Horford did. Add in Oden’s 1.67 blocks per game (almost double what Al did last year: 0.94), and then consider he’s 18 months younger than Big Al, and it’s more than possible that Oden will grow to be as special a player as the hype suggested."

Clearly Oden is doing pretty well which is even better considering he just came off the micro fracture surgery. He will only get better

"All our holes," says shooting guard Brandon Roy, a surprise All-Star last year in his second season, "are holes that Greg is going to plug."

by bowdown on Nov 27, 2008 11:57 AM PST reply actions   1 recs

Oden is making our interior defense tougher no question.

Penetrating guards are dissuaded from driving when they they see his huge frame lurking. They all want to know where he is before making a decision.

by dario argento on Nov 27, 2008 12:54 PM PST reply actions  

a few factors which might invalidate this argument

I’m not saying that this posting is wrong. However there are two things to consider. One we have a really small sample size of games without Oden(4). Second those games were all at the beginning of the season and the team’s team defense has been improving significantly. If you were to plot (Opp Avg Team Efficiency-Actual Team Efficiency) over time you would see probably a sharp downward curve as our team defense improved.

However, I agree the team overall is better with Oden in the lineup. While Pryz is playing incredibly and probably better than Oden at this point, Oden is still a better center than Frye.

Oden being a better center than Frye is what makes the difference this year.

by boppitywop on Nov 27, 2008 1:42 PM PST reply actions  

Trends

As I said, the difference in (conditional) means would pass a standard test of statistical significance, even with the small sample size. There are six games without Oden. It passes such a test because the difference is so large.

To make the argument that sample size is a problem, you have to argue that the observations are not independent and identically distributed, that there is temporal dependence such that a standard test of statistical significance is not valid.

There are three reasons that I do not think the time trend or sample size is a particularly large concern. One, the Blazers’ defense at the start of the season is pretty similar to what it was during all of 2007-2008. There are a few changes to the roster between this year and last, but the Blazers were, nonetheless, playing vary similarly on defense at the start of this year as they did at the start of last year. Two, there is one observation where Oden played at the start of the season, against the Lakers. If you look at that observation in the graph above, it is actually below the fitted line. If there were a time trend, you’d expect it to be above the line. Three, the first Miami game is almost exactly on the fitted line, further indication that a time trend is not driving the results.

Honestly, I think the biggest issue with this analysis is injuries to opponents. I can try to address the effect of the Spurs having Parker, the Kings missing Martin, the Jazz having Boozer, the Suns having Shaq, the HEAT missing Marion, etc. but it’s gonna be predict rough. Basically, I would need to do what I just did for the Blazers and Oden’s for all of those teams, which would take more time than I want to spend.

by PoliSam on Nov 27, 2008 3:35 PM PST up reply actions  

Interesting data - and i think you're right, but i have a couple of questions.

First, the blue dots are clearly higher than the red dots. However if we assume the two blowouts vs. Miami and Chicago are thanks mostly to their suck-tacular offenses and we throw these two points out as outliers is the average of the no-oden points still higher than the data set of the with-oden points? (And even though this IS a small sample size you can use the standard deviation to show if the difference is significant).

And second, why are the trend lines different? The bottom line looks to be a logarithmic fit (curved down as it progresses) while the top line looks like either an exponential growth or a parabolic fit (curves upward as it progresses). Shouldn’t both lines just be horizontals showing the average value of each data set vs portland? Or both be linear fits unless you’re accounting for other variables? I’m just curious about why different types of fits appear to have been used.

But like I said I do think you’re right that Oden is having a positive impact on our team defence when he is in the game vs. when he is not. And I also agree with you that proving defensive theory with statistics is a pain. Nice job.

Skadoosh

by postup on Nov 27, 2008 11:34 PM PST up reply actions  

actually, now that I've thought about it..

… (and rechecked your x-axis, lol. Note to self: pay attention to the label on the x-axis) shouldn’t the trend lines be linear fit with the y-intercept forced to zero? If the trend line for the blue dataset is farther to the left than the red trendline then your theory is correct. Which, just looking at the points, it will probably (almost definitely) be.

Skadoosh

by postup on Nov 27, 2008 11:59 PM PST up reply actions  

Good technical question

I did not explain how the lines were drawn because I figured most people wouldn’t really care. I did the graph with a linear regression line (not shown), but thought that the curved lines made more sense since there is no reason to assume that the effect of average offensive efficiency on efficiency against Portland is linear. So, I did a fractional polynomial plot, which calculates the prediction for offensive efficiency against Portland from estimation of a fractional polynomial of average offensive efficiency.

Here is a reference on fractional polynomial regression: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120144540/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

by PoliSam on Nov 28, 2008 12:15 PM PST up reply actions  

Nice

I don’t think ive ever used that technique before.

Skadoosh

by postup on Nov 28, 2008 12:53 PM PST up reply actions  

It definitely holds without the two outliers.

I would put up more pictures, but it’s kinda a pain to upload them. It’s easy to create the graphs, but it takes a while to put them on the internet so that I can link them.

by PoliSam on Nov 28, 2008 12:07 PM PST up reply actions  

Evolution of team "D"

The team D will get better. The issue is imho at the point. Both Blake and Sergio are a looonng way from being on the same level as the rest of the team. They allow for too much dribble penetration. It does help having GO and Pryz cleaning up, but it would be nice to see our pgs actually keep someone from getting deep every once in a while..

"When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace." Jimi Hendrix

by philly420pdxhilo on Nov 27, 2008 2:12 PM PST reply actions  

Nice stats

And you make a good point that if Oden’s in the game, then you face Oden + Pryz for 48 minutes. That is, there’s never a letup at center. So this might also be considered the Oden Effect + the Pryz Effect.

by Kaboomm on Nov 27, 2008 5:35 PM PST reply actions  

i have to tend to disagree or at least

ask for a modfication of the data. I would need to see the o eff of each team before we play them without Oden and then again with oden and of those listed, only minny and phx.

However when looking at those stats it does show that we are better D’ivly but I think that the data is a bit misleading.

Nice job otherwise.

"Damn the Blazers. Damn them to hell. They are working the rest of the league like a speed bag." - Bill Simmons 6/26/08

by SpyderRyder on Nov 27, 2008 5:52 PM PST reply actions  

Very nice analysis

This is both really, really interesting and really, really, really encouraging.

Oden clearly makes an impact, but individually almost everyone on the team has been playing better on D since his return. Nic, in particular, is starting to figure things out on that end and he’s becoming a strength rather than a semi-liability. Pryz/Oden are a two-headed monster on D, and I think they’re both having a very positive impact on each other.

One thing Oden obviously improves a TON is rebound rate when Pryz is on the bench. The Frye/LMA/Trout frontcourt just cannot get it done on the boards – you need a strong rebounder to pair with any of those guys, or it just become REALLY difficult to end possessions. So I think Oden’s incorporation into the rotation would almost HAVE to improve the Blazers’ defensive efficiency.

To respond to a few posts above, I don’t think the data is misleading at all. Polisam is comparing how a team actually does against the Blazers with their average performance. You don’t have to see a team with Oden and without Oden to make legitimate comparisons from one team to another.

The biggest question about the data, as Polisam mentioned, is the injury factor. Wouldn’t it work for some teams to use their average efficiency minus the particular player? The data may not be available, I guess. But if it were, it would seem the Spurs have played enough games sans Parker (for example) to make their efficiency without him statistically significant.

Q: Is Greg favoring his knee?
Frye: He favors dunking on your head, that's what he favors.

by KP Corleone on Nov 27, 2008 8:52 PM PST reply actions  

Yeah...

Oden is taking minutes away from Frye, a few from Pryz, and maybe a few from Outlaw and Fernandez. So, with Oden, the Blazers are getting a more active Pryzbilla and Oden playing center instead of Frye or Aldridge. It’s not really rocket science why that improves team defense, but I think it’s interesting to look at the evidence off the magnitude of the effect.

by PoliSam on Nov 27, 2008 11:05 PM PST up reply actions  

I agree - very interesting

The folks at basketball prospectus would be doing well to come up with this type of analysis.

Keep up the good work.

Q: Is Greg favoring his knee?
Frye: He favors dunking on your head, that's what he favors.

by KP Corleone on Nov 28, 2008 12:16 PM PST up reply actions  

Defense: Effort and experience playing together.

i think that the largest factors in our ability to play team defense are effort and experience. Which is why I don’t think Greg Oden is the primary factor in our improvement on D. More time spent playing together, and, I suspect locker room dynamics/leadership/identity issues (which relate to effort and unselfishness) are the main reasons why we are seeing better defensive efficiency the last 8 games.

Statistics are cool, but you have to trust your eyes as well!

by Blazin' on Nov 27, 2008 11:39 PM PST reply actions  

As he said, though, the D efficiency is consistent with ALL last year

The Blazers effort and experience wasn’t enough to improve their D last year. Improvement may play a role, but not anything close to this dramatic.

For instance, regardless of how much effort or experience Frye and LMA have, they are not good rebounders. So the Blazers have trouble ending defensive possessions when Pryz is out of the game. But with Oden, they don’t. That alone could dramatically improve defensive efficiency – and it’s solely personnel based, not based on improvement or effort.

Undoubtedly, Oden’s blocks/intimidation also improve the D – and again, it’s not that he’s better than Pryz at those things necessarily, but that he’s MUCH better than LMA and Frye. So with Oden in the rotation, the Blazers always have a big defensive center to dissuade penetrators from driving, change shots, and send a few of them back the other direction.

Again, nothing to do with experience or effort. It’s having two dominant centers rather than one center and a lineup of relatively soft PFs. Big, big difference.

Q: Is Greg favoring his knee?
Frye: He favors dunking on your head, that's what he favors.

by KP Corleone on Nov 28, 2008 8:23 AM PST up reply actions  

add your thoughts

to polisam’s and together they both make tons of sense….what i mean is, if you choose to invalidate the statistical data (or simply not use it) this opinion (by polisam)is a great analysis and is an element of thought that lends support to his post;

Two, having Oden in the line-up can affect how the team plays when he is out in the game as well as when he is on the bench. As is becoming increasingly obvious, Pryzbilla can play much more aggressively when he plays limited minutes because he does not have to worry as much about foul trouble and has more energey. In addition, when Oden plays, Frye is more likely to defend PFs rather than Cs, which is a big improvement.

 So I agree with both of you …….added together, both thoughts, are probably good reasons to be encouraged by better defensive play of late and in the future
   Defense is such an important part of basketball, it can never be overlooked….good defense can get your offense in high gear and as they get more consistent on defense, the offense gets a whole lot easier along with it (easy hoops)…..it simply opens up the floor and gets things moving. (IMO). good defense will always be the x factor that will decide what levels this team can reach
   One other note: Batum is giving the defense a new look as well, and he could be contributing more to the defensive mindset than people think….They looked at him as a good team defender and for a young kid, he’s doing quite well

'Liability on defense, is an asset on the bench" a quote from my basketball coach, who believed good defense won games and made the offense a product of it

by 67 on Nov 28, 2008 8:57 AM PST up reply actions  

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